
Say, speak, talk, tell是简单的日常动词,但很容易弄混淆,它们虽然相似,用法却不同,掌握一些重要规则能确保我们说得清晰准确。
首先来看 say 和 tell
两者都是 “转述动词”,用于转述他人说的话或信息,且均为不规则动词:
- 现在时:say /tell
- 过去时:said /told
核心区别:
- Say 指 “用语言表达某事”(express something using words)。
- Tell 指 “向某人提供信息或指令”(give information to a person),且必须后跟 “人”(宾语),可以是人名或人称代词。
例句(请大声跟读):
- 问:Where are they going?
答:She didn’t say.(她没说。)
答:She didn’t tell me.(她没告诉我。) - 问:What did he say?(他说什么了?)
问:What did he tell you?(他告诉你什么了?) - Say hi to Paul for me!(代我向保罗问好!)
- Tell Paul I said hi!(告诉保罗我问他好!)
找出错误句子
以下句子中有两处错误,你知道在哪里吗:
- I want to say something about our teacher.(√)
I want to tell you something about our teacher.(√) - Did he say how it happened?(√)
Did he tell how it happened?(×,缺少 “人” 宾语) - I said their new house was beautiful.(×,需加 to:said to them)
I told them their new house was beautiful.(√) - She said me I would meet him on Sunday.(×,应为 told me)
She told me I would meet him on Sunday.(√)
总结:
- Tell 必须后跟 “人”(如 me, you, them);
- Say 若要说明 “对谁说”,需加介词 to(say to sb.),但省略时不影响句子成立(如:She said I would meet him.)。
再看 speak 和 talk
语法区别:
- Speak 是不规则动词(过去式 spoke,过去分词 spoken);
- Talk 是规则动词(过去式 talked)。
用法区别:
- 正式程度:Speak 更正式(如职场、电话沟通:Can I speak to you?),Talk 更日常(如朋友聊天:Can I talk to you?)。
- 侧重点:
- Speak 强调 “说话者” 本身(如:He spoke for 10 minutes.);
- Talk 强调 “对话双方”(如:We talked about our plans.)。
- 固定搭配:
- 表示 “说某种语言” 只能用 speak(They speak Arabic. ✅ / They talk Arabic. ❌)。