英语中的 talk、tell、say 和speak到底有什么区别,一文秒懂

Say, speak, talk, tell是简单的日常动词,但很容易弄混淆,它们虽然相似,用法却不同,掌握一些重要规则能确保我们说得清晰准确。

首先来看 say tell

两者都是 “转述动词”,用于转述他人说的话或信息,且均为不规则动词:

  • 现在时:say /tell
  • 过去时:said /told

核心区别

  • Say 指 “用语言表达某事”(express something using words)。
  • Tell 指 “向某人提供信息或指令”(give information to a person),且必须后跟 “人”(宾语),可以是人名或人称代词。

例句(请大声跟读)

  • 问:Where are they going?
    答:She didn’t say.(她没说。)
    答:She didn’t tell me.(她没告诉我。)
  • 问:What did he say?(他说什么了?)
    问:What did he tell you?(他告诉你什么了?)
  • Say hi to Paul for me!(代我向保罗问好!)
  • Tell Paul I said hi!(告诉保罗我问他好!)

找出错误句子

以下句子中有两处错误,你知道在哪里吗:

  1. I want to say something about our teacher.(√)
    I want to tell you something about our teacher.(√)
  2. Did he say how it happened?(√)
    Did he tell how it happened?(×,缺少 “人” 宾语)
  3. said their new house was beautiful.(×,需加 to:said to them)
    told them their new house was beautiful.(√)
  4. She said me I would meet him on Sunday.(×,应为 told me)
    She told me I would meet him on Sunday.(√)

总结

  • Tell 必须后跟 “人”(如 me, you, them);
  • Say 若要说明 “对谁说”,需加介词 to(say to sb.),但省略时不影响句子成立(如:She said I would meet him.)。

再看 speak talk

语法区别

  • Speak 是不规则动词(过去式 spoke,过去分词 spoken);
  • Talk 是规则动词(过去式 talked)。

用法区别

  1. 正式程度:Speak 更正式(如职场、电话沟通:Can I speak to you?),Talk 更日常(如朋友聊天:Can I talk to you?)。
  2. 侧重点
    • Speak 强调 “说话者” 本身(如:He spoke for 10 minutes.);
    • Talk 强调 “对话双方”(如:We talked about our plans.)。
  3. 固定搭配
    • 表示 “说某种语言” 只能用 speak(They speak Arabic. ✅ / They talk Arabic. ❌)。